1. Justice and Fair Treatment
Qur’anic Command: The Qur’an instructs Muslims to be just and fair to all people, regardless of their faith.
Muslims are obligated to ensure fairness and avoid any form of oppression against non-Muslims.“Allah does not forbid you from being righteous and just toward those who have not fought you because of religion and have not expelled you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.” (Surah Al-Mumtahanah 60:8)
2. Kindness and Good Relations
Islam encourages kindness and maintaining good relations with non-Muslims, especially in personal and societal interactions.
Non-Muslim neighbors, colleagues, and acquaintances should be treated with respect and kindness.“Speak kindly to people…” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:83)
3. Peaceful Coexistence
Muslims are urged to seek peace and avoid conflict unless they are directly attacked or oppressed.
4. Dawah (Invitation to Islam)“But if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allah.” (Surah Al-Anfal 8:61)
Muslims are encouraged to convey the message of Islam in a respectful and non-compulsive manner.
5. Respect for Religious Freedom“There is no compulsion in religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:256)
Non-Muslims living in a Muslim-majority society (dhimmis) are to be granted religious freedom and protection.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
6. Prohibition of Hostility“Whoever harms a dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection), I will be his prosecutor on the Day of Judgment.” (Sunan Abu Dawood)
Hostility is only permitted in the context of defense against oppression or aggression. Even then, it must remain within the bounds of justice.
Summary:
Islam emphasizes justice, kindness, and peaceful coexistence with non-Muslims. While Muslims are encouraged to share their faith, they must do so respectfully, without coercion, and uphold the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of their beliefs.